1.1. Contact organisation
[HU1] Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH)
1.2. Contact organisation unit
HCSO Services Statistics Department
1.3. Contact name
Confidential because of GDPR
1.4. Contact person function
Confidential because of GDPR
1.5. Contact mail address
Hungarian Central Statistical Office (Központi Statisztikai Hivatal)
Keleti Károly u. 5-7.
Budapest, 1024
Hungary
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
18 December 2025
2.2. Metadata last posted
18 December 2025
2.3. Metadata last update
18 December 2025
3.1. Data description
The EU survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals is an annual survey conducted since 2002. In Hungary, it has been conducted since 2005.
In 2025, the survey collects data on the access to information and communication technologies (ICT), on the use of the internet, e-government use of electronic (eID) and e-commerce as well as e-skills and privacy and protection of personal data.
3.1.1. Survey name in national and English languages
National language: Felmérés a háztartások és az egyének információs és kommunikációs technológiai (IKT) eszköz használatáról, 2025
English: EU survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals
Questionnaire(s) in national language(s) and the translation in English are available in the Annexes below.
3.2. Classification system
The following common concepts and definitions apply under the Integrated European Social Statistics (IESS):
- the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011 published in the following breakdowns: low (ISCED levels 0-2: no formal education, primary education or lower secondary education), medium (ISCED levels 3-4: upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education) and high (ISCED levels 5-6: tertiary programmes which normally need a successful completion of ISCED 3 or 4, or second-stage tertiary education leading to an advanced research qualification);
- the International Standard Classification for Occupation ISCO-08 at the 2-digit level;
- the Classification of Economic Activities (NACE Rev.2.1 - 2025), at section level;
- the Common classification of territorial units for statistics (NUTS 1) – finer granularity of NUTS 2 is provided on optional basis by some Member States;
- the SCL – Geographical code list;
- information about household income is provided at lower level of detail.
Additional classifications used in the national questionnaire: The above nomenclatures were used in the national questionnaire. No other nomenclatures were used.
3.3. Coverage - sector
The ICT survey in households and by individuals covers those households having at least one member in the age group 16 to 74 years old. Individuals aged 75 to 89 are covered by some countries on voluntary basis.
Internet access of households refers to the percentage of households that have an internet access, so that anyone in the household could use the internet.
3.3.1. Differences in scope at national level
In addition to the main scope (those households having at least one member in the age group 16 to 74 years old), the national ICT survey also covers households with individuals aged 75 to 89.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
The survey is collecting data of internet users, individuals who have used the internet in the three months prior to the survey.
This annual survey is used to benchmark ICT-driven developments, both by following developments for core variables over time and by looking in greater depth at other aspects at a specific point in time. While the survey initially concentrated on access and connectivity issues, its scope has subsequently been extended to cover a variety of subjects (for example, the use of internet, e-government, use of eID, e-commerce, e-skills and privacy and protection of personal data) and socio-economic analysis (such as regional diversity, gender specificity, differences in age, education and the employment situation). The scope of the survey with respect to different technologies is also adapted to cover new product groups and means of delivering communication technologies to end-users.
For more details on the methodology applicable in each survey year, please consult the Compiler's Manual for the respective year.
Deviations from standard ICT concepts: There are no deviations from the ICT concepts and definitions.
3.5. Statistical unit
Households and Individuals
3.6. Statistical population
In the ICT usage survey, the target population for the different statistical units is:
- individuals: all individuals aged 16 to 74; optionally 75-to 89.
- households: all (private) households with at least one member aged 16 to 74; optionally with at least one member aged 75 to 89, but no member aged 16 to 74.
Target population composed of households and/or individuals:
- Number of households with at least one member aged 16-74: 3,598,764
- Number of individuals aged 16-74: 7,078,181
- Number of households with at least one member aged 75 to 89, but no member aged 16 to 74: 646,936
- Number of individuals aged 75-89: 756,948
3.6.1. Non-compulsory age groups
Non-compulsory age groups also included in the target population:
| No | Yes | Age scope | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Individuals younger than 16? | X | ||
| Individuals aged 75-89? | X | ||
| Individuals older than 89? | X |
3.6.2. Population not covered by the data collection
| Non-target population (the difference between the total population and the target population) |
Households | Individuals |
|---|---|---|
| Approximate number of units outside the mandatory scope of the survey (for example individuals younger than 16 or older than 74; households with all members over 74 years old). | 424,949 | 2,256,717 |
| Approximate number of units outside the age scope 16 to 89, if the optional age scope 75 to 89 is included. |
26,446 | 1,499,769 |
| Estimate of the resulting percentage of under-coverage (non-covered population compared to the total country), if applicable | 0.6% |
3.7. Reference area
The whole territory of Hungary is covered.
3.8. Coverage - Time
Year 2025
3.9. Base period
Not applicable
Percentages of ‘Households’ and Percentages of ‘Individuals’
For most questions the reference period is the last three months before the interview. Questions in the modules on e-government and eID refer to the 'last year' before the interview.
Deviation from this statement: There is no deviation from the above statement.
5.1. Survey period
The survey period was from 10 April to 30 June, 2025.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
The legal basis for the 2025 EU survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals is the Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 October 2019 establishing a common framework for European statistics relating to persons and households, based on data at individual level collected from samples (OJ L 261 I, 14 October 2019, p. 1), as implemented by the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2182 of 2 September 2024 specifying the technical items of the data set, establishing the technical formats for transmission of information and specifying the detailed arrangements and content of the quality reports on the organisation of a sample survey in the use of information and communication technologies domain for reference year 2025 in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L - 2024/2182, 3 September 2024) and Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2024/2515 of 9 July 2024 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council by specifying the number and titles of the variables for the use of information and communication technologies statistics domain for the reference year 2025 (OJ L, 2024/2515, 26 September 2024).
Complementary national legislation constituting the legal basis for the survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals: Art No. CLV of 2016 on Official Statistics
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Not applicable.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
- Official statistical activity is regulated by Act CLV of 2016 on Official Statistics entered into force on 1 January 2017 and by Government Decree 184/2017. (VII. 5.) issued for the implementation of this law.
- Law CXII of 2011 on the right to self-determination as regards information and freedom of information.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Confidentiality policy of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (highlighting some principles):
- confidential data management
- protection of personal data
- publicity of statistical data
- prohibition of disclosure of individual-level information
- regulated data protection
In addition to the general data protection information, the household ICT survey has its own data management information (document in Hungarian only): The first name of the person selected to answer is recorded, the full name will not be recorded.
8.1. Release calendar
The target date is January in the year following the survey.
8.2. Release calendar access
The results of the survey on ICT usage in households and by individuals for the year 2025 will be available on the HCSO website under the STADAT-tables by the end of December 2025 and under HCSO's Dissemination database by the end of January 2026.
Tables (STADAT) in 2025: Publication and revision calendar (A KSH kiadványkatalógusa)
Dissemination database: (KSH Statinfo v40 | Theme selection)
Publication: Helyzetkép, 2023 – Digitális társadalom (Kiadványtár - Központi Statisztikai Hivatal (ksh.hu)); Publication Repertory - Hungarian Central Statistical Office (ksh.hu))
Data for 2025 will be published in a separate analytical publication in the first half of 2026.
The results will be available furthermore in the Statistical Pocket Book in May 2026, in the Statistical Year Book in September 2026 and in the Regional Statistical Year Book of Hungary in second half of 2026.
8.3. Release policy - user access
In line with the Community legal framework and the Eurostat Statistics Code of Practice HCSO disseminates ICT data on HCSO's website respecting professional independence and in objective, professional and transparent manner in which all users are treated equitably. The detailed arrangements are governed by the Hungarian protocol on impartial access to national data for users: Dissemination Policy
Annual
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
- Online news releases to specific occasions (eg. Internet day): Word internet day – 18 May (ksh.hu).
- Data visualisations: Internet usage in Hungary is expanding (ksh.hu).
- Data visualisations: Black Friday, 2018 (ksh.hu)
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
A detailed publication based on the results of the 2025 survey is expected to be available in the first half of 2026.
Detailed, analytical publications published annually (Digital society) are available on HCSO's website. Recent editions are accessible through the following links:
- Helyzetkép, 2024 - Digitális társadalom Kiadványtár - Központi Statisztikai Hivatal (ksh.hu) - Digital society Snapshots, 2024
- Helyzetkép, 2023- Digitális társadalom: Snapshots, 2023 – Digital society Snapshots | 2023 (ksh.hu)
The 2025 results will be also published in the Statistical Pocket Book in May 2026, in the Statistical Year Book in September 2026 and in the Regional Statistical Year Book of Hungary in second half of 2026. See editions on previous years' data at the following links:
- Magyar Statisztikai Zsebkönyv, 2024; in English: Statistical Pocketbook of Hungary, 2024 Publication Repertory - Hungarian Central Statistical Office (ksh.hu)
- Magyar Statisztikai Évkönyv, 2024; in English: Statistical Yearbook of Hungary, 2024 Publication Repertory - Hungarian Central Statistical Office (ksh.hu)
- Magyarország, 2024; in English: Hungary, 2024 Publication Repertory - Hungarian Central Statistical Office (ksh.hu)
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
The aggregated results presented on HCSO's website grouped thematically and organized in static (ready-made) tables, which are accessible through the following links:
The comprehensive collection of summary tables (STADAT): “Information, communication”
- 12.1.1.14. Proportion of households, according to the type of internet connections
- 12.1.1.15. The proportion of internet users within the population, according to the time of the last usage [%]
- 12.1.1.16. Distribution of internet users by the frequency of internet use [%]
- 12.1.1.17. Proportion of people purchasing online by the time of the last purchase within the population [%]
- 12.1.1.18. Use of e-government websites by level of usage of e-administration [%]
Dissemination database:
- Indicators of ICT usage in households and by individuals by region (2017-2024);
- Indicators of ICT usage by individuals according to the age-group (2017-2024);
- Indicators of ICT usage by individuals according to the highest educational qualification (2017-2024).
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations
Not available.
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
Secure access to microdata files for researchers from 2008 onwards is currently being planned (in the Safe Centre Access in HCSO).
10.5. Dissemination format - other
Not available.
10.5.1. Metadata - consultations
Not available.
10.6. Documentation on methodology
The “Metainformation/Statistical domain” (Concepts and definitions, Classifications, Data sources, Data collections) for ICT usage statistics are available on HCSO's website, which is accessible through the following link: Metainformation/Statistical domain
10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate
100%
10.7. Quality management - documentation
The QUALITY GUIDELINES for the statistical processes of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office is available on HCSO's website, which is accessible through the following link: Quality guidelines
The Quality policy of HCSO is available on HCSO'S website, which is accessible through the following link: Quality policy
11.1. Quality assurance
In general HCSO also has to make Quality Reports for all statistical domains and make effort to improve quality of data collections and data itself.
The main principles for HCSO's quality policy is available on the website: Policies, guidelines – Hungarian Central Statistical Office (ksh.hu)
The national survey’s questionnaire is based on the Model Questionnaire (MQ) unified by Eurostat. By applying this questionnaire, the HCSO ensures the possibility of the comparison of the results of the survey on European level. The guidelines of the Methodological manual of Eurostat (Methodological Manual HH2025) are also used for compiling the content of the Hungarian questionnaire and the detailed guide. In addition, during the planning of the Hungarian survey and the different stages of the implementation process, the “Quality Guidelines for the Statistical Process of the HCSO” compiled by HCSO are applied in order to ensure compliance with the requirements defined by Eurostat.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
In 2015: face-to-face interview mode was implemented (supported by laptops) during which the interviewers record the data of the questionnaire on site. The recording software verifies the data input and indicates warnings about the incidental errors.
From 2015: it is a personal interview aided by laptop/tablet (CAPI), carried out by the interviewer.
Between 2015 and 2019: face-to-face interviews tablet aided (CAPI).
From 2020 on: HCSO applied a combination of techniques: web based survey (CAWI), face-to-face interviews (CAPI) and telephone interviews (CATI). The method of filling in the questionnaire can be chosen by the data provider.
In 2025: A new data collection development strategy is implemented in HCSO to renew its fieldwork protocols, improve cost-effectiveness and efficiency of data collections while maintaining and enhancing data quality standards and comparability. Modernised data collection practices and protocols such as the introduction of an improved telephone interviewing infrastructure and optimised questionnaire design to support this purpose is introduced.
In the survey on ICT usage in households and by individuals 2020 quite a new sample design is introduced. The new frame is the population registry.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
The main user of data on ICT usage is EUROSTAT. Other data users are the OECD, the ITU, the Ministry of Interior, several other national government establishments, other decision-makers, under- and postgraduate students, members of the educational and academic sphere, researchers, and the media. Data are published in the EUROSTAT database and are updated yearly.
At European level, the European Commission’s entities (e.g. DG CNECT, DG REGIO, etc.) are the principal users of the data on ICT usage by households and by individuals. Therefore, the main users are consulted regularly (at task forces and ad hoc meetings) on their needs and are involved in the process of the development of the Model Questionnaire from a very early stage.
Users’ needs are considered throughout the whole development process of the Model Questionnaire aiming to provide relevant statistical data for monitoring and benchmarking of European policies.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
12.3. Completeness
All of the variables required for transmission have been included in the microdata.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
100%
13.1. Accuracy - overall
The sample design and weighting scheme perform well in general, the net effective sample size is larger by far than required. Non-response rate may indicate some risk of bias which was intended to get reduced by weigh adjustment.
13.2. Sampling error
Jackknife method were applied taking stratification, clustered nature of sample, systematic selection of individuals, rotation, weighting and calibration effects into account. SAS program was used.
Reference: Wolter, Kirk M.: Introduction to Variance Estimation, Springer, 2007
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Precision estimates for the question "Individuals having ordered goods or services for private use over the internet in the last 12 months" (individuals who ticked 'Within the last 3 months' or 'Between 3 months and a year ago' in in the question “When did you last buy or order goods or services for private use over the internet?”):
- Number of respondents (absolute value for ‘Yes’ answers): 4,157
- Estimated proportion (in %): 67.68%
- Standard error (in percentage points): 0.61
Details of the breakdowns are available in document INFOSOC_HHNSI_A_HU_2025 in the Annexes below.
13.3. Non-sampling error
See more details on non-sampling error below.
13.3.1. Coverage error
The frame is the population register (individuals with registered address) which is continuously updated. For the selection of new wave the frame of January in 2025 was used. Over-coverage is ~3.2% (moved abroad, institution, dead), the under-coverage is ~0.6% (individuals with no registered address).
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
3.2%
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not requested in the ICT survey.
13.3.2. Measurement error
- Measurement errors:
In some cases it was revealed during the data processing that the person who responded to the questions during the survey was not the individual who had been selected from the sample. Of course, these persons provided their own names when they responded to the questions. These types of errors were detected during the verification of the received data. These personal questionnaires were archived and were not taken into account during the data processing.
During the personal fieldwork inspection, it was found that a few interviewers had made too many mistakes during the interviews, so all interviews conducted by these interviewers were removed from the database.
- Questionnaire design and testing:
The questionnaire of the survey is created in the so-called MAJA (LAR) IT system. The testing of the questionnaire takes places on this platform.
Information windows are inserted into the questionnaire with explanations for all modules and all questions to assist the designated person in completing the form. The logic-checks were included in the web-based questionnaires to be completed by data providers and they were also available on the devices used by interviewers. Based on the results of the built-in logic checks, the respondent or the interviewer shall correct the errors before submitting the questionnaire.
- Interviewer training:
In 2025, in-person trainings were organized for the interviewers. The HCSO prepared educational material for the training and compiled detailed guide for the interviewers (in printed form and in Word format) and made available on the interviewers’ device. These materials described the different tasks to be performed in connection with the survey and it provides the professional knowledge related to the content of the questionnaire. After the training period, the interviewers needed to answer test questions to provide feedback on their knowledge. The HCSO also provided further consultation opportunities if requested by the interviewers.
- Proxy interview rates:
No proxy interviews are used.
13.3.3. Non response error
Information about non-respondents:
The overall unit non-response rate is 0.46. Non-respondents can be characterised by area, dwelling unit and individual level data available from sampling frame. The remarkable characteristics are below.
Capital Budapest (region HU11) is subject to non-response the most (52%). The other central region (HU12) is also above the average with response rate 47%. Other regions are below the average, especially on the East. Besides, it can be stated that the more developed or more urbanized the area is, the higher the non-response rate is. As for individual level, males (48%) and the younger (~ 53%) are harder to reach. Within panel subsample, the movers and former non-respondents are definitely harder to follow or reach.
Non-response rate may indicate some risk of bias which was intended to get reduced by weigh adjustment involving variables related to non-response mentioned above (see 13.3.3.1.2).
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
The unit non-response rate is the ratio of the number of in-scope non-respondents (= number of rejected interviews) to the number of eligible elements selected from the sampling frame.
Unit non-response rate for
- Households with at least one member aged 16 to 74 : Not applicable.
- Households with at least one member aged 75 to 89, but no member aged 16 to 74: Not applicable.
- Individuals (aged 16-74): 0.46
- Individuals (aged 75-89): 0.36
13.3.3.1.1. Details of unit non-response rate
| Number of households with at least one member aged 16-74 | Number of households with at least one member aged 75-89, but no member aged 16-74 | Number of individuals aged 16-74 |
Number of individuals aged 75-89 | Number of individuals (< 16) |
Number of individuals (> 89) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross sample [A] The number of households/individuals initially selected from the sampling frame (if not applicable, indicate why below the table) |
12,008 | 1,229 | ||||
| Ineligible: out-of-scope [B] For example, when a selected household is not in the target population because all members are over 75 years old or when no dwelling exists at the selected address, or a selected individual has died between the reference data of the sampling frame at the moment of the interview. |
380 | 64 | ||||
| Number of eligible elements [C] Gross sample size corrected of the ineligible cases |
11,628 | 1,165 | ||||
| Net sample size or final sample [D] The net sample size (or final sample) corresponds to the number of households/individuals that can be used in the final database. |
6,262 | 743 | ||||
| Unit response rate [E] = [D] / [C] The unit response rate is the ratio of the number of in-scope respondents (= the number of achieved interviews or the net sample size) to the number of eligible elements selected from the sampling frame. |
0.54 | 0.64 |
Comments, if any:
13.3.3.1.2. Unit non-response – methods, minimization and substitution
- Methods used for dealing with unit non-response:Unit non-response was handled with weighting. Response propensity was estimated by logistic regression with covariates correlated with both response and the main objective variable: gender and age as individual level variables; household size as dwelling unit level variable; type of locality, degree of urbanisation, size of locality, average taxable income per capita, population % of employed, of unemployed and of with tertiary educational attainment level as PSU level variables. To compensate unit non-response in the panel subsample (that is panel attrition) target variable of ICT usage from previous year was also involved
- Methods used for minimizing unit non-response: A pilot study was carried out in a 67% subsample with an innovative well-established data collection design (well-designed invitation letter, push to web, call center, monitored field work, refusal conversion).
- Substitution permitted: No proxy interviews or substitution was allowed.
- Substitution rate (in %): 0%, no proxy interviews or substitution was allowed.
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
Items with low response rates (observed rates in %): It is not relevant.
13.3.4. Processing error
In 2025, due to onetime IT process failure, the data of few variables were compromised. After first data publication, the data for the compromised variables was corrected, and re-published as a non scheduled revision. Corresponding IT processes are corrected to prevent the recurrence of similar errors in the future.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not applicable
14.1. Timeliness
Date of data dissemination at national level: The first data transmission was in time, 11 days before the target date. The data of the 2025 survey is scheduled to be published by HCSO on 19 December 2025. (Within 26 weeks of the end of the survey).
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Restricted from publication
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
Restricted from publication
14.2. Punctuality
11 days before the target date.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
11 days before the target date. There were no delays in the transmission of the data in relation to the deadline set by the Regulation (EU 2019/1700).
15.1. Comparability - geographical
There is no problem of comparability across the country’s regions.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not relevant
15.2. Comparability - over time
Possible limitations in the use of data for comparisons over time:
Data collection started in 2005. It has a regulatory background since the data collection year 2006, thus the survey is collected based on a unified methodology. Main indicators have time series from 2005 (indicators coming from the permanent modules). There are permanent modules (internet use, use of e-government, use of e-commerce) and there are ad hoc modules (eg. digital skills) that are not included in the questionnaire every year. The data collected and processed according to the unified methodology can be compared to the results of the previous years until the survey completed in 2019. Due to methodological changes, data of the 2020 survey have a limited comparability with the previous years' data.
In 2025, there have been some changes but not enough to warrant the designation of a break in series: the national ICT questionnaire was optimised to support modernised data collection practices and protocols such as the introduction of an improved telephone interviewing infrastructure. While maintaining comparability, the underlying module and variable structure of the indicators changed in 2025.
As compared to previous years, in 2025 weighting was changed in the sense that calibration population control totals came from the census 2022 population projection.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
The length of comparable time series depends on the module and variable considered within each of the modules of the survey.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Not applicable
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not applicable
15.4. Coherence - internal
All statistics are coherent within the dataset provided by the country.
15.4.1. Survey questionnaire – mandatory questions
MANDATORY questions in the Eurostat model questionnaire 2025: Table 15.4.1. of document INFOSOC_HHNSI_A_HU_2025 in the Annexes lists the questions for which the coverage of subjects and characteristics reflected in the national questionnaire differs from Annex 2 of the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2024/2515 of 9 July 2024.
15.4.2. Survey questionnaire – optional questions
Adoption of OPTIONAL questions and items in the Eurostat model questionnaire 2025:
Table 15.4.2. of document INFOSOC_HHNSI_A_HU_2025 in the Annexes lists the optional questions from the annual Eurostat model questionnaire 2025 included in the national questionnaire and their coverage for age groups beyond the standard scope.
15.4.3. Survey questionnaire – additional questions at national level
Additional questions introduced in the national questionnaire in 2025:
- Basic information 6a,6b.: Were you pupil, student on 1 April 2025?
- Basic information 6.3.2.: Do you have employee(s)?
- Basic information 7.2.2.: Is [your labour contract, appointment, assignment] written or verbal?
- Basic information 8.: Please provide the official name of the employer, enterprise as accurate as possible!
A3.: Please check all reasons that apply for not having internet connection!
- You had internet connection somewhere else
- You did not need internet connection in your household
- Internet subscription and afferent devices would have been too expensive
- You did not have the necessary IT skills, knowledge
- You had data protection, safety concerns
- Internet was not available in the district
- Other reason
B2.1.: On average for how long did you actively use the internet per day?
B9.1.: How often did you use the internet for home-work during this period?
B9.2.: Generally how often did you use mobile internet during this period?
B10.2.: Please check all reasons why you did never use the internet before 1 April of this year!
- Was not necessary
- Lack of IT skills, knowledge
- Health issues
- Data protection, safety concerns
- Fear of online harassment
- Related expenses would have been too high
- Did not trust internet-based information
- Completely rejected internet use
- Other reason
Details of the questions are in document INFOSOC_HHNSI_A_HU_2025 available in the Annexes below.
15.4.4. Survey questionnaire – deviations
Effects of deviations from the routing used in the Eurostat model questionnaire:
The optimisation of the national questionnaire and the deviations from the routing used in the Eurostat model questionnaire may have had limited influence on some of the responses. There are certain variables where the difference between the national data for 2025 in comparison to 2024, or to the 2025 data of other EU member states is higher than expected, and thus data could be impacted by the deviation from the model questionnaire to a limited extent. Data for these variables were closely examined and are deemed valid for Hungary.
Restricted from publication
17.1. Data revision - policy
Validated data are transmitted and published.
The Data revision policy of HCSO is available on the HCSO's website, which is accessible through the following link: Data revision policy of HCSO (ksh.hu).
17.2. Data revision - practice
- Scheduled revision
- Routine revision: there is no routine (regular) revision
- Major revision: between 2006 and 2014 none occurred, one revision took place in 2015.
HCSO used the population number formed and updated on the basis of the 2001 census as key figure for the population surveys, among them for grossing up the voluntary data collection OSAP 2003 Survey on the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in households and individuals. However, the key figures formed from the 2011 census by 1 October 2011, used for population surveys differed from the updated population number, making the reweighting, revision of the population censuses. The revision included all regular population related data collections for the publication period from October 2011. A new key figure system has been completed for the 2006 - 2011 period considering the 2011 census and showing a corrected population number; with the help of this tool the population sampling had to be reweighted for this timeframe. Based on the major revision of the HCSO population data collection, data published in 2015 had been grossed up and re-processed based on the new key figures as per the 2011 census.
- Non scheduled revisions: Data revisions not announced in advance occur only in exceptional cases namely if any unforeseeable event (data error, technical problem, etc.) makes the revision of data necessary. In 2025, due to data processing error, the data for six variables was revised and re-published as a non scheduled revision.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Not relevant
18.1. Source data
The source of the raw data is described with more details in the paragraphs below.
18.1.1. Sampling frame
Registry of settlements at the 1st stage. Population registry restricted to individuals aged 16-74 and 75-89 at the 2nd stage. The percentage of invalid addresses, movers and other frame errors may be over 10%. This can be handled with effective field work (follow-up) and the possibility of CAWI. The survey is stand-alone and voluntary. The frame is continuously updated. The time lag between last update and data collection was four months.
18.1.2. Sampling design
ICT sample is a stratified two-stage probability sample of individuals.
PSUs are localities. In the population of smaller towns or villages settlements are stratified by NUTS2 regions, size, average taxable income per capita (tax office) and population with tertiary educational level (census). In the population of larger towns each town is a stratum of its own. They are self-representing towns. PSUs are selected with pps method.
Individuals are selected within PSUs with systematic random selection method from a list sorted by date of birth.
ICT sample has a ¼ rotational pattern.
Coverage of age group 75-89 in HICT has no effect on the core sample of age group 16-74. However, the sample of this additional age group is a natural extension of the core sample. Accordingly, it is a two-stage probability sample of individuals, the first-stage sample (that is the sample of localities) is the same as of the core sample. The selection of individuals aged 75-89 within PSUs was independent of the selection of the core sample of age group 16-74. Similarly to the core sample, within each PSU the individuals were selected with systematic random selection method from a frame list sorted by date of birth.
18.1.3. Net effective sample size
Restricted from publication
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Annual
18.3. Data collection
- Methods used to gather data:
the recording period was divided into the following 3 parts:
-
- Only CAWI-1
- Combination of techniques: CAPI, CATI;
- Only CAWI-2
- Short description of the survey method:
From 2015 it is a personal interview aided by laptop/tablet (CAPI), carried out by the interviewer. Between 2015 and 2019 face-to-face interviews laptop/tablet aided (CAPI). From 2020 web based survey (CAWI), face-to-face interviews (CAPI) and telephone interviews (CATI).
In 2025 (16-74 years):
-
- CAWI: 50.5% (The CAWI cannot be stated if IF<>1 (individual has not used the internet in the last 3 months), but in Hungary, individual, who not used the internet in the last 3 months can submit the questionnaire online (CAWI) with the help of relatives, friends or other external helpers. Such questionnaires account for 1.97%. We also ask about the type of person helping on the questionnaire: relative, friend or other social helper.)
- CAPI: 21.5%
- CATI: 28.0%
- Total: 100%
In 2025 (75-89 years): - CAWI: 38.8%
- CAPI: 29.7%
- CATI: 31.5%
- Total: 100%
In 2025 (16-89 years): - CAWI: 49.3%
- CAPI: 22.4%
- CATI: 28.3%
- Total: 100%
- Variables completed from an external source:
- The date of birth of the person;
- Address (Name of settlement, and the districts of Budapest, name of street, street-number).
18.4. Data validation
Hungary validates the data according to the standards provided by Eurostat. At electronic data collections the questionnaire’s basic connections are built in the data collection instrument, the data provider has to correct errors prior to sending in the questionnaire. In the framework of the sub-process takes place the coding and registration of reasons for missing questionnaires or data receptions. For eliminating errors in microdata, there are validation rules built in the data entry and processing system. The result of the survey is logically analysed by age, regions and other indicators by experts of HCSO. Statistical analysis is carried out based on the general and specific indicators.
18.5. Data compilation
Unit non-response is handled with weighting and calibration. For the treatment of unit non-response we had broader possibilities with new frame with gender, age and household composition being available for weight adjustment. Besides, other area level auxiliary variables were used just as before. Calibration was made with iterative raking.
Missing data of household's net monthly income is imputed.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
For the target indicator "Individuals having ordered goods or services for private use over the internet in the last 12 months" (individuals who ticked 'Within the last 3 months' or 'Between 3 months and a year ago' in the question “When did you last buy or order goods or services for private use over the internet?”:
- Imputation rate (% of observations): 0%
- Imputation rate (share of estimate):0
Missing data of the households’ net monthly income is imputed with data of a randomly chosen household having the same socio-demographic characteristics. Imputation rates for the different age groups are the following:
- Imputation rate (% of observations) for (16-74 years) : 40.3%
- Imputation rate (share of estimate) for (16-74 years): 39.9%
- Imputation rate (% of observations) for (74-89 years) : 30.7%
- Imputation rate (share of estimate) for (74-89 years): 32.7%
- Imputation rate (% of observations) for (16-89 years) : 39.2%
- Imputation rate (share of estimate) for (16-89 years): 38.8%
18.5.2. Use of imputation methods
Methods used to impute item non-response: Deterministic imputation: Donor.
18.5.3. Grossing-up procedures
Grossing up procedures have been applied to Individuals and/or Households: Individuals and Households
Description of the weighting procedures:
Households:
Generalised weight share method was applied to the final individual weight provided the input weight for household level calibration. Iterative raking method was used with the following controls at NUTS2 level:
- population by gender and age (16-19, 20-24, 25-29, 30,34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74);
- 16-74 population by degree of urbanisation;
- 16-74 population in household of size 1 (estimated from LFS);
- number of households in scope (estimated from LFS).
- Final household weights were bounded with the interval (200, 3000)
Individuals: - Design weights were given by sample design.
- First adjustment was the weighting for non-response (see 13.3.3.1.2.).
The adjusted weights were then calibrated to population counts with iterative raking. The following constraints were used at NUTS2 level: - population by gender and age (16-19, 20-24, 25-29, 30,34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74);
- 16-74 population by degree of urbanisation;
- 16-74 population in household of size 1 (estimated from LFS).
- Final individual weights were bounded with the interval (360, 3600).
Weighting of the sample of age group 75-89 is similar to the one of the core sample. However, it was carried out independently of that and thus the coverage of this additional age group does not effect the results of the core sample. In calibration 75-79, 80-84, 85-89 age groups were applied.
18.6. Adjustment
Not relevant
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not relevant
No comments.
The EU survey on the use of ICT in households and by individuals is an annual survey conducted since 2002. In Hungary, it has been conducted since 2005.
In 2025, the survey collects data on the access to information and communication technologies (ICT), on the use of the internet, e-government use of electronic (eID) and e-commerce as well as e-skills and privacy and protection of personal data.
18 December 2025
The survey is collecting data of internet users, individuals who have used the internet in the three months prior to the survey.
This annual survey is used to benchmark ICT-driven developments, both by following developments for core variables over time and by looking in greater depth at other aspects at a specific point in time. While the survey initially concentrated on access and connectivity issues, its scope has subsequently been extended to cover a variety of subjects (for example, the use of internet, e-government, use of eID, e-commerce, e-skills and privacy and protection of personal data) and socio-economic analysis (such as regional diversity, gender specificity, differences in age, education and the employment situation). The scope of the survey with respect to different technologies is also adapted to cover new product groups and means of delivering communication technologies to end-users.
For more details on the methodology applicable in each survey year, please consult the Compiler's Manual for the respective year.
Deviations from standard ICT concepts: There are no deviations from the ICT concepts and definitions.
Households and Individuals
In the ICT usage survey, the target population for the different statistical units is:
- individuals: all individuals aged 16 to 74; optionally 75-to 89.
- households: all (private) households with at least one member aged 16 to 74; optionally with at least one member aged 75 to 89, but no member aged 16 to 74.
Target population composed of households and/or individuals:
- Number of households with at least one member aged 16-74: 3,598,764
- Number of individuals aged 16-74: 7,078,181
- Number of households with at least one member aged 75 to 89, but no member aged 16 to 74: 646,936
- Number of individuals aged 75-89: 756,948
The whole territory of Hungary is covered.
For most questions the reference period is the last three months before the interview. Questions in the modules on e-government and eID refer to the 'last year' before the interview.
Deviation from this statement: There is no deviation from the above statement.
The sample design and weighting scheme perform well in general, the net effective sample size is larger by far than required. Non-response rate may indicate some risk of bias which was intended to get reduced by weigh adjustment.
Percentages of ‘Households’ and Percentages of ‘Individuals’
Unit non-response is handled with weighting and calibration. For the treatment of unit non-response we had broader possibilities with new frame with gender, age and household composition being available for weight adjustment. Besides, other area level auxiliary variables were used just as before. Calibration was made with iterative raking.
Missing data of household's net monthly income is imputed.
The source of the raw data is described with more details in the paragraphs below.
Annual
Date of data dissemination at national level: The first data transmission was in time, 11 days before the target date. The data of the 2025 survey is scheduled to be published by HCSO on 19 December 2025. (Within 26 weeks of the end of the survey).
There is no problem of comparability across the country’s regions.
Possible limitations in the use of data for comparisons over time:
Data collection started in 2005. It has a regulatory background since the data collection year 2006, thus the survey is collected based on a unified methodology. Main indicators have time series from 2005 (indicators coming from the permanent modules). There are permanent modules (internet use, use of e-government, use of e-commerce) and there are ad hoc modules (eg. digital skills) that are not included in the questionnaire every year. The data collected and processed according to the unified methodology can be compared to the results of the previous years until the survey completed in 2019. Due to methodological changes, data of the 2020 survey have a limited comparability with the previous years' data.
In 2025, there have been some changes but not enough to warrant the designation of a break in series: the national ICT questionnaire was optimised to support modernised data collection practices and protocols such as the introduction of an improved telephone interviewing infrastructure. While maintaining comparability, the underlying module and variable structure of the indicators changed in 2025.
As compared to previous years, in 2025 weighting was changed in the sense that calibration population control totals came from the census 2022 population projection.


